Rwanda has been accused by the DRC, the UN, and other countries of backing the M23 rebel group in the eastern Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), providing weapons and military support despite Rwanda’s denials. The M23 is a Tutsi-led group that claims to fight for the rights of the Tutsi minority in the DRC but is known for its role in violence, seizing territory, and controlling vital mineral mines, such as Rubaya’s coltan mine. This alleged Rwandan support has fueled a long-standing conflict, with the M23 launching offensives, including capturing parts of Goma in early 2025.Â