Stomach cancer, also known as gastric cancer, develops when abnormal cells grow uncontrollably in the lining of the stomach. It is a relatively uncommon form of cancer but can be severe, especially if diagnosed in its later stages.
Risk Factors
Several factors can increase the risk of stomach cancer, including:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection: A common bacterial infection linked to stomach inflammation and ulcers.
- Diet: Consuming a diet high in salty, pickled, or smoked foods and low in fruits and vegetables.
- Smoking: Tobacco use increases the risk of stomach cancer.
- Family history: A family history of stomach cancer can predispose someone to the disease.
- Medical conditions: Conditions such as chronic gastritis, pernicious anemia, or stomach polyps.
- Age and gender: It is more common in older adults and men.
- Obesity: Excess weight may increase risk.
Symptoms
In the early stages, stomach cancer may not cause noticeable symptoms. As the disease progresses, symptoms may include:
- Persistent indigestion or heartburn.
- Loss of appetite.
- Unexplained weight loss.
- Nausea or vomiting.
- Feeling full after eating small amounts of food.
- Blood in stool or vomiting.
- Abdominal pain or discomfort, especially above the navel.
Diagnosis
Doctors may use several methods to diagnose stomach cancer:
- Endoscopy: A camera is used to examine the stomach lining.
- Biopsy: A small sample of stomach tissue is taken during endoscopy for testing.
- Imaging tests: CT scans, X-rays, or PET scans to check for spread.
- Blood tests: To assess overall health and detect markers.
Treatment
Treatment depends on the stage and location of the cancer:
- Surgery: To remove part or all of the stomach (gastrectomy).
- Chemotherapy: To kill cancer cells and shrink tumors.
- Radiation therapy: Often combined with chemotherapy to target cancer cells.
- Targeted therapy: Uses drugs that target specific molecules in cancer cells.
- Immunotherapy: Boosts the immune system to fight cancer.
Prevention
While not all cases can be prevented, you can reduce your risk by:
- Eating a healthy diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and fiber.
- Avoiding smoking and reducing alcohol consumption.
- Treating H. pylori infections promptly.
- Maintaining a healthy weight.
- Regular check-ups if you have a family history of stomach cancer.
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